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The relationship between accuracy and precision is aptly described by the statement that accuracy indicates closeness, while precision indicates consistency.

Accuracy refers to how close a measured or calculated value is to the true value or actual quantity. For example, if you're measuring the length of a river, an accurate measurement would closely match the river's actual length. On the other hand, precision refers to the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results. In this context, if you repeatedly measure the river's length and get the same result each time, your measurements are precise, regardless of whether they are accurate.

The distinction between accuracy and precision is fundamental in GIS and data analysis, as it helps users understand the reliability and relevance of their data. Understanding this relationship is essential for interpreting spatial data correctly and making informed decisions based on that data. The incorrect options provide definitions that mischaracterize the terms or suggest a level of interchangeability between them that is not appropriate within the context of geographic data assessment.